useful commands

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/********** How to use vi **********/
type i to edit
type / and word u wanna find
esc and :q to quit
esc and :wq to save and quit

vi .bash_profile //save path at startup
alt f7 //move terminal around
ctrl shift C //copy
ctrl shift n //new terminal
./ //run exe
source //run .sh script files
which //check version
rm -rf //remove directories
ctrl + alt + arrow //shift between workspaces
ctrl + alt + shift //shift app between workspaces





/**********How to use RPM***********/
//show all rpm installed
rpm -qa

//Installing rpm messages
rpm -i <package name>
//if installation fail, use the explorer and double click

//removing
rpm -e <package name w/o .rpm>

//printout rpm content
rpm2cpio <filename>.rpm | cpio -t

//To extract all files from an RPM:
rpm2cpio RPM_file | cpio -idv

//Installing for different architecture
rpm -Uvh --ignorearch stlinux20-sh4-busybox-1.00-9.sh4.rpm





/*************** Misc LINUX Commands ************/
chmod +x filename //makes file exe
grep -r keywords //search all the files for the keyword specified

For ftp
type mget *
and u can select all files to get

To create patch file :
diff -c filename.original filename.amended > patchfilename
To patch :
patch -p0 < patchfilename

-pX where X is the argument in the path to remove.
Its better to use --dryrun to check if there is any conflicts

patch -p0 --dryrun < patchfilename

//To create patch recursively
diff -uprN olddir newdir > new-patch
u = unified format
p = show nearest function name
N = include new / deleted file
r = recursive

//Recursively grep
grep -r "somestring" *

//Recursively grep and list file instead of content
grep -rl "something" *

find . -name <filename>

route to get gateway ip.

To check processes priority:
ps -eLF
ps -eLo ppid,pid,pgid,lwp,priority,cmd

//For hashing
makemap hash access.db < access

//To check CPU usage
top -d 0.5

//How to use sed to replace multiple file text string in Linux
grep -rl OLDSTRING * | xargs sed -i -e 's/OLDSTRING/NEWSTRING/'
NOTE!!! its ' and not `

e.g To remove optimization and include debug
grep -rl "\-O\$(OPTLEVEL)" * | xargs sed -i -e 's/\-O\$(OPTLEVEL)/\-g/'

//Zipping with password
zip -er zipfile.zip *

//How to set date
date -s YYYYMMDD

//To set default gateway
route add -net default gw 10.80.115.254 dev eth0

TO see all devices and path
udevinfo -e

//Query all attributes relating to a device path
udevinfo -a -p /block/sda/sda1

//To get "/block/sda/sda1"
udevinfo -q path -n /dev/sda

udevinfo -a -p $(udevinfo -q path -n /dev/sda)

//To check size of directory
du -h | grep -v '/' | awk '{print $1}'

//ssh copy command
scp filename <targetip>:/

//Mounting ntfs files
mount -t ntfs-3g /dev/sdb1 temp -o force

//To clean out a kernel completely, use
make mrproper

strace <executable> to reverse engineer binary

Use nm to check if function has been compiled; Alt to typing rubbish into c code to see if it can compile

Searching through your history: If you hit ^R (Ctrl+R) then start typing, bash will display the last match from your command history. Hit enter to execute the displayed command, left or right arrow to edit the command, or ^C to cancel.

Use ^Z to run a program in the background
Type fg to bring the program back to front

Useful Aliases
alias rm="rm -i"
alias cp="cp -i"
alias mv="mv -i"
#Automatically do an ls after each cd
cd() {
builtin cd "$@" && ls
}

#Print ipaddress
MY_IP=`/sbin/ifconfig eth0 | grep inet | grep -v inet6 | cut -d: -f2 |awk '{ print $1}'`
echo "IP ADDRESS = "$MY_IP
echo ""

[ZF]

/**** How to be able to mount nfs when running locally ****/
If you run locally, without a DNS server, it will take ages to mount the NFS.

Due to the time taken, some application may timeout before the nfs can mount.
To bypass this, edit /etc/resolv.conf
and change the nameserver to your nfs ip

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/*** interesting trace printing style ***/
printf("[%s:%d] Start\n",__PRETTY_FUNCTION__, __LINE__);

__FUNCTION__ ,
__LINE__,
__FILE__,

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If you get stuck at below message while booting the kernel:
Starting kernel log daemon: klogd.
Do an service nfs restart

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To copy a directory over and overwrite all files without having to type Y Y Y Y Y Y Y...

y | cp -rf *

An alternative would be to tar up the directory and untar at target.

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To find a certain file and delete all instances of it:

find -name <FILENAME> -print0 | xargs -0 rm -f

-print0 is to return result in a single line.
-0 is used to replace all whitespace by NULL. Else rm -f will complain...

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To open pdf using command line:
gnome-open filename.pdf